CompTIA Tech+ FC0-U71 Practice Test 18

Correct Answer: To manage and organize structured data

Explanation: An RDBMS organizes structured data into tables with relationships defined by keys, enabling efficient storage, retrieval, and querying (e.g., using SQL). It does not handle network connections, code compilation, traffic monitoring, or authentication, which are managed by other systems or protocols.

Correct Answer: Ransomware

Explanation: Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts files or locks a system, demanding payment (often in cryptocurrency) to restore access. Viruses replicate and corrupt files, worms spread across networks, spyware collects data covertly, and adware displays unwanted ads, but none specifically demand payment like ransomware.

Correct Answer: Biometric locks

Explanation: Biometric locks, such as fingerprint or retina scanners, are physical security measures that restrict physical access to IT assets. Passwords, encryption, firewalls, and antivirus software are logical security measures, not physical ones.

Correct Answer: Differential backup

Explanation: A differential backup includes all files changed since the last full backup, regardless of subsequent backups. Incremental backups include changes since the last backup (full or incremental), full backups include all data, and mirror/snapshot backups are not standard CompTIA terms.

Correct Answer: Structured Query Language

Explanation: SQL stands for Structured Query Language, used for managing and querying relational databases. The other options are incorrect and not recognized terms in database management.

Correct Answer: Application software

Explanation: Application software, like word processors or web browsers, is designed to perform specific user tasks. Operating systems manage resources, utility software maintains systems, firmware controls hardware, and drivers enable hardware communication with the OS.

Correct Answer: To identify the network portion of an IP address
Explanation: A subnet mask separates an IP address into network and host portions, enabling proper routing within a network. It does not encrypt traffic, assign IPs, authenticate devices, or prioritize packets, which are handled by other protocols or mechanisms.

Correct Answer: Least privilege
Explanation: The least privilege model ensures users and systems have only the permissions necessary to perform their tasks, reducing security risks. Encryption protects data, authentication verifies identity, authorization defines access rights, and logging tracks activities, but none focus on minimizing permissions.

Correct Answer: Random system shutdowns

Explanation: A failing PSU can cause random system shutdowns due to inconsistent power delivery. Slow internet, corrupted files, overheating CPUs, and blue screen errors are more likely caused by network issues, software corruption, cooling failures, or OS/driver issues, respectively.

Correct Answer: Modularity

Explanation: Modularity involves designing code in separate, reusable components or modules that can be used across multiple programs, improving efficiency and maintenance. Inheritance and polymorphism are object-oriented concepts, while encapsulation and abstraction focus on data protection and simplification, not reuse across programs.

Correct Answer: A device that is automatically recognized by the OS

Explanation: Plug-and-play devices are automatically detected and configured by the operating system without requiring manual driver installation or reboots. This simplifies hardware setup. The other options describe unrelated or incorrect characteristics.

Correct Answer: 802.11ac

Explanation: 802.11ac operates primarily in the 5 GHz band, offering higher speeds and less interference than the 2.4 GHz band. 802.11a also uses 5 GHz, but 802.11ac is more modern and widely used. 802.11b and 802.11g use 2.4 GHz, and 802.11n supports both bands but is less advanced than 802.11ac.

Correct Answer: To uniquely identify records

Explanation: A primary key is a unique identifier for each record in a database table, ensuring no duplicates and enabling efficient data retrieval. Linking tables is done with foreign keys, not primary keys. The other options are unrelated to a primary key’s function.

Correct Answer: Open source
Explanation: Open source licenses permit users to view, modify, and distribute the source code, fostering collaboration. Proprietary software restricts access to source code, while subscription, perpetual, and one-time purchase refer to payment models, not code access.

Correct Answer: To filter network traffic

Explanation: A firewall monitors and filters incoming and outgoing network traffic based on security rules, preventing unauthorized access. It does not encrypt data, store backups, manage accounts, or compile software, though it may work with systems that perform those functions.

Correct Answer: Solid-state drive (SSD)

Explanation: SSDs use flash memory, a type of non-volatile memory, to store data, offering faster access speeds than HDDs, which use spinning magnetic disks. USB thumb drives also use flash memory but are portable, not primary storage. Magnetic tape and optical discs are slower and less common for primary storage.

Correct Answer: Identify the problem

Explanation: The CompTIA troubleshooting methodology begins with identifying the problem through gathering information and observing symptoms. This step is critical before proceeding to theorize causes, test solutions, or document outcomes.

Correct Answer: HTTPS

Explanation: HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) uses encryption (SSL/TLS) to secure web communications, ensuring data privacy and integrity. HTTP is unsecured, FTP is for file transfers, SMTP is for email, and SNMP is for network management.

Correct Answer: Central Processing Unit

Explanation: CPU stands for Central Processing Unit, the primary component responsible for executing instructions from programs by performing fetch, decode, and execute operations. The other options are incorrect and not standard IT terminology.

Correct Answer: Star
Explanation: In a star topology, all devices connect to a central hub or switch, allowing centralized communication. Bus topology uses a single backbone, ring connects devices in a circular chain, mesh involves direct connections between devices, and tree combines multiple star topologies hierarchically.